Which description aligns with biological theory of criminal behavior?

• A. Environmental factors alone cause criminal behavior.
• B. Criminal behavior is solely a matter of free will.
• C. Societal factors determine criminal behavior exclusively.
• D. Biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormonal activities, and brain specialization can predispose someone to criminal behavior.

Answer: (D)

Biological theory of criminal behavior holds that innate biological factors can shape tendencies that influence why someone might engage in crime. Describing biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormonal activities, and brain specialization as something that predisposes a person to criminal behavior fits this view, because biology can create vulnerabilities or propensities that interact with environment and experiences. It’s not saying biology guarantees crime, but that it can contribute to the likelihood under certain conditions. Other descriptions that attribute behavior solely to environmental factors, free will, or societal factors ignore the biological contribution that this theory recognizes.