Differentiate interrogation from interviewing in terms of custody and purpose.

• A. Interrogation is casual talk with witnesses; interview is formal with suspects.
• B. Interrogation is always conducted in writing; interview is oral.
• C. Interrogation is conducted only after arrest; interview is before arrest.
• D. Interrogation is questioning a suspect in custody or under coercion; interview is conversation with witnesses or non-custodial subjects.

Answer: (D)

Interrogation versus interviewing hinges on custody and purpose. Interrogation is the custodial questioning of a suspect (or a situation where the person is in custody or under coercive pressure) with the aim of eliciting incriminating information or admissions. Interviewing is a non-custodial conversation used to gather information from witnesses or other individuals who are not under arrest. This distinction matches the described idea that interrogation involves a suspect in custody or under coercion, while interviewing is a conversation with witnesses or non-custodial subjects. In practice, custody changes the rights and the approach (and, in many jurisdictions, triggers the need for warnings), whereas interviewing focuses on information gathering without the formal coercive context. The other descriptions misstate custody status, coercion, or who is being questioned.